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Embracing complexity in cities

Making sense of city-level climate action to guide systemic design, including insights from conversations with city sustainability officers.

Author: Christopher White

3rd March 2025

Cities generate over 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions and are on the frontline of climate impacts, yet they face significant systemic challenges in implementing effective climate action. This research, based on interviews with 12 sustainability officers across three countries in 2024, examines how tech companies and cities can make sense of complex city processes to drive meaningful change.

What you’ll learn

  • Four systemic barriers cities face in scaling climate initiatives
  • Why city decision making is highly relational—and how to strategically embrace this when designing solutions
  • Practical design principles for developing interventions that support city climate action
  • Frameworks for applying a systems approach to city-level innovation
  • Why aligning tools and interventions with existing city processes is key to driving impact
White paper cover
White paper contents

About Kausal

Kausal helps cities turn their climate goals into action. Our platform enables local governments to set climate targets, create actionable plans, and track progress effectively.